Ritalin is not a wonder drug Essays - Methylphenidate,

Ritalin isn't a miracle tranquilize Include? Ritalin isn't a marvel sedate! Do you have a youngster that experiences ADD or ADHD? Do you imagine that endorsing your youngster Ritalin will make everything work out? On the off chance that the appropriate response is indeed, you are unfortunately, painfully mixed up. Truly, clinical medicines can answer issues made by a neurological concoction lopsidedness that is available in kids with ADD/ADHD. However, the practices that they display are additionally to a great extent associated with the connections that they have begun encountering between their folks and themselves, and the kinds of consideration they are earning. Hila Adany asks: If it's not too much trouble recognize the social part of ADD/ADHD too. We had a go at everything: in the end, we took our child for testing, and the last conclusion was that our child is experiencing ADD. So we began him taking drugs, however close to for his educator's reports that there is a slight improvement in his presentation at school, at home we have seen no change by any stretch of the imagination. These were the primary words I got notification from Neta and Dvir, a superb couple. Adoring guardians, who are taking part in the fight against their child's ADD, and feel that they are losing. His conduct is deplorable. The upheavals, the steady refusals... We don't have the foggiest idea what to do. Tragically, they are by all account not the only guardians to encounter this issue. Try not to Despair At the point when a youngster is determined to have ADD/ADHD, and the turmoil makes it hard for you, and others, to adapt to his/her negative conduct, it is basic that the kid gets social treatment alongside clinical treatment. Frequently, the prescription remedies the synthetic awkwardness that is influencing the youngster - that is, it answers the neurological issue - yet doesn't 'fix' the every day connections between a parent and kid. Obviously, all things considered, the kid's troublesome conduct started with this synthetic awkwardness. In any case, it is reinforced and supported through regular collaborations, after some time. For instance: If guardians react with surrendering to, or haggling with a kid who is by and large monstrously uncooperative, the youngster isn't probably going to change. Or maybe, this essentially serves to strengthen his/her opposite conduct. This is because of the way that the kid starts to subliminally comprehend that that being obstinate, dangerous or discourteous, frequently brings about getting his/her own particular manner. Further, reacting to negative conduct with persuading, clarifications and additionally bargaining, may get guardians some transient harmony and calm, yet over the long haul, it doesn't diminish social troubles. In actuality, things for the most part begin to break down additional. In the event that the circumstance is without a doubt compounding, this means the kid is to some degree 'getting a charge out of' the consideration - and subsequently has no compelling reason to change any practices. (What's more, truly, censures comprise consideration. Negative consideration is still consideration.) No Miracle Cures This is the place conduct treatment comes in. This type of treatment evaluates the capacity, or force, of unfavorable conduct during the day by day correspondence between a parent and youngster. In less complex terms, it evaluates 'what makes my kid act the way he/she is carrying on, and what is he/she picking up by acting along these lines?'. When the explanations for the kid's conduct have been exposed, it is conceivable to change the subtleties of social treatment to suit the particular issues that every family is managing. As to ADD/ADHD, conduct treatment takes a gander at the whole day all in all, just as all the individual day by day events inside the nuclear family. This is a basic part of this treatment since human conduct can not be precisely evaluated through breaking down isolated examples that happen during a day. Or maybe, it is just through those cases all in all that a bona fide picture can rise. That is, every communication that happens influences the one after it, and every single resulting connection. After the 'conduct procedure's that we encountered together, Neta and Dvir comprehend that Ritalin isn't a panacea that will cure any social emergencies. So as to enable a youngster to battle the side effects of ADD/ADHD, a basic change needs to happen inside guardians, just as in their techniques for child rearing. Despite the fact that these progressions require gigantic exertion, the shocking outcomes they yield are certainly justified regardless of the exertion. Child rearing in the manner that your youngster needs you to at last helps the family, all in all, embrace a progressively pleasant, unwinding

The Miraculous Reishi: Mushroom or Medicine? :: Botany

The Miraculous Reishi: Mushroom or Medicine? Ganoderma lucidum, also called the Reishi or Mannentake has been proclaimed by Asian societies for a long time. It is a polypore mushroom of corky or woody surface that seems to have a layer of varnish on the top. It is a rack mushroom that develops on dead and passing on trees. There are numerous assortments of Reishis. Akashiba is the red Reishi, the most powerful; Kuroshiba- - the dark Reishi; Aoshiba- - the blue Reishi; Shiroshiba- - the white Reishi; Kishiba- - the yellow Reishi; and Murasakishiba- - the purple Reishi. (www.canited.com/w-reshi.htm) The Reishi mushroom is credited with numerous wellbeing invigorating properties from general great wellbeing and recovery, to life span, sexual ability, astuteness, and bliss. In specific cases it is utilized as sculptural fine art. Under specific conditions the fruiting body takes on what is alluded to as a tusk shape, that to some is tastefully satisfying. As per Paul Stamets, this is a consequence of raised carbon dioxide levels in the general condition. Reishis may demonstrate helpful to the battle against malignancy also. Increasingly more research is being led about mixes, in reishis, that invigorate the insusceptible framework. Recorded Usage Reishi, Ling Zhi, or Saiwai-take, a mushroom of numerous names and employments. It has been archived with some really astounding properties for more than 2,000 years. The most punctual notice of Ling Chi was in the period of the main head of China, Shi-huang of the Ch'in Dynasty (221-207 B.C.) (Stamets, 355) The Reishi is credited with life span, expanded virility and sexual ability; the Chinese thought of it as one of the Herbs of the Gods. In China it was accepted that a tincture of this kind of mushroom could breath life into the dead back. Frequently sold in Chinese medication shops, usually in tinctures with Ginseng. Ganoderma lucidum, or a firmly related animal varieties, can be utilized to battle high height infection. Himalayan aides now and then utilize the Reishi for this reason. Mayan Indians have utilized reishis to battle and forestall transmittable ailments. In China, at times a lady will give a man Reishis to communicate sexual intrigue. The prong structure referenced already is supported for this reason. Intriguing thinking about that the Reishi should animate sexual virility. Therapeutic Usage The Reishi is a mushroom of numerous therapeutic properties. Expected to fix disease, joint inflammation, ceaseless exhaustion disorder, and an entire slew of different illnesses. It is no big surprise that it should give its client a long sound life. The Miraculous Reishi: Mushroom or Medicine? :: Botany The Miraculous Reishi: Mushroom or Medicine? Ganoderma lucidum, also called the Reishi or Mannentake has been proclaimed by Asian societies for a long time. It is a polypore mushroom of corky or woody surface that seems to have a layer of varnish on the top. It is a rack mushroom that develops on dead and kicking the bucket trees. There are numerous assortments of Reishis. Akashiba is the red Reishi, the most strong; Kuroshiba- - the dark Reishi; Aoshiba- - the blue Reishi; Shiroshiba- - the white Reishi; Kishiba- - the yellow Reishi; and Murasakishiba- - the purple Reishi. (www.canited.com/w-reshi.htm) The Reishi mushroom is credited with numerous wellbeing animating properties from general great wellbeing and recovery, to life span, sexual ability, knowledge, and bliss. In specific cases it is utilized as sculptural fine art. Under specific conditions the fruiting body takes on what is alluded to as a tusk shape, that to some is tastefully satisfying. As indicated by Paul Stamets, this is an aftereffect of raised carbon dioxi de levels in the general condition. Reishis may demonstrate valuable to the battle against malignant growth too. Increasingly more research is being directed about mixes, in reishis, that animate the invulnerable framework. Chronicled Usage Reishi, Ling Zhi, or Saiwai-take, a mushroom of numerous names and employments. It has been reported with some truly stunning properties for more than 2,000 years. The soonest notice of Ling Chi was in the period of the principal sovereign of China, Shi-huang of the Ch'in Dynasty (221-207 B.C.) (Stamets, 355) The Reishi is credited with life span, expanded virility and sexual ability; the Chinese thought of it as one of the Herbs of the Gods. In China it was accepted that a tincture of this sort of mushroom could breath life into the dead back. Regularly sold in Chinese medication shops, usually in tinctures with Ginseng. Ganoderma lucidum, or a firmly related animal varieties, can be utilized to battle high height disorder. Himalayan aides once in a while utilize the Reishi for this reason. Mayan Indians have utilized reishis to battle and forestall transferable ailments. In China, in some cases a lady will give a man Reishis to communicate sexual intrigue. The tusk structure refere nced beforehand is supported for this reason. Fascinating thinking about that the Reishi should invigorate sexual virility. Therapeutic Usage The Reishi is a mushroom of numerous therapeutic properties. Expected to fix malignancy, joint inflammation, incessant weariness condition, and an entire slew of different diseases. It is no big surprise that it should concede its client a long sound life.

5 Graphic Novels That Are Better Than Therapy

5 Graphic Novels That Are Better Than Therapy From picture books read as children to the comfort of Saturday morning cartoons, illustrations have always had a way of connecting with our inner child. These recent graphic novels meld images with thoughtfulâ€"and often hilarious!â€"commentary on the human condition. The way these books combine the specific with the universal, while using cute illustrations, helps make each of these books feel like as good as a good therapy session, reminding you none of us are alone. In a Daze Work: A Pick-Your-Path Journey Through the Daily Grind by Siobhan Gallagher This whimsical book is a playful new spin on the minute and mundane decisions that make up your daily life.  Each flip of the page puts you in control of the story: Will you stay in or go out? Do you wake up or sleep in? More importantly, where will your decisions take you? Bringing humor and sly self-reflection to the humdrum details of adulthood with hand-drawn illustrations and sharp wit, this relatable visual journey will help you find the extraordinary (or at least hilarious) moments in any day of the week. Everyones a Aliebn When Ur a Aliebn Too: A Book by Jomny Sun The illustrated story of a lonely alien sent to observe Earth, where he meets all sorts of creatures with all sorts of perspectives on life, love, and happiness, while learning to feel a little better about himself. Through this story of a lost, lonely and confused Alien finding friendship, acceptance, and love among the animals and plants of Earth, we will all learn how to be a little more human. And for all the earth-bound creatures here on this planet, we will all learn how sometimes, it takes an outsider to help us see ourselves for who we truly are. The Worriers Guide To Life by Gemma Correll If youre floundering in life, striking out in love, struggling to pay the rent, and worried about it allâ€"youre in luck! World Champion Worrier and Expert Insomniac Gemma Correll is here to assure you that it could be much, much worse.dispenses dubious advice and unreliable information on life as she sees it, including The Dystopian Zodiac, Reward Stickers for Grown-Ups, Palm Reading for Millennials, and a Map of the Introverts Heart. Adulthood Is A Myth by Sarah Andersen These comics document the wasting of entire beautiful weekends on the internet, the unbearable agony of holding hands on the street with a gorgeous guy, dreaming all day of getting home and back into pajamas, and wondering when, exactly, this adulthood thing begins. In other words, the horrors and awkwardnesses of young modern life. A sequel, Big Mushy Happy Lump, is also available. Hyperbole and a Half: Unfortunate Situations, Flawed Coping Mechanisms, Mayhem, and Other Things That Happened by Allie Brosh This full-color, beautifully illustrated edition features more than fifty percent new content, with ten never-before-seen essays and one wholly revised and expanded piece as well as classics from Broshs popular website like, “The God of Cake,” “Dogs Don’t Understand Basic Concepts Like Moving,” and her astonishing, “Adventures in Depression,” and “Depression Part Two,” which have been hailed as some of the most insightful meditations on the disease ever written. A sequel, Solutions and Other Problems, is also available. Save Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

No Child Left Behind Act as an Effect on Students with...

Since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001, there has been debate and discussion about how the law will impact students with disabilities. There has been confusion and misinformation about NCLB requirements for children with disabilities. Myths have developed. The National Association of Protection Advocacy (NAPAS) has attempted to dispel these â€Å"myths† and misperceptions and to establish the â€Å"realities† (Smith, 2004). Inclusion consists of placing disabled or â€Å"learning-impaired† students in general education classrooms and integrating their learning experience with students in the general education classes (Turnbull, Turnbull, Shank, Smith, 2004). Inclusion is made up of four main components: 1) all students receive their education in their home school; 2) placement is based on the concept of natural proportions; 3) there is learning/teaching restructuring so that supports are created for special education in the general education setting; and, 4) placements are grade- and age- appropriate. There is a further distinction between inclusion, where students spend two-thirds or more of their time in a general education classroom, and full inclusion, where students with disabilities spend all their time in a general classroom. Mainstreaming consists in the practice of educating students with special needs in regular, general classrooms during specific time periods based on their skills. What are the pros and cons of inclusion? What have been theShow MoreRelatedLeadership, Organization And Administration1529 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders, who promote a vision that all students will learn using IDEA and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), ensure that the needs of children with disabilities are met while improving educational outcomes. As with economics as John F. Kennedy coined, â€Å"A rising tide lifts all†, therefore improving the instructional policies and practices in the special education classroom ensures the benefit of all students. Today, schools must provide students with disabilities appropriate access to the general curriculumRead MoreSpecial Education Policy. Morgan Gill. Grand Canyon University.1284 Words   |  6 Pageshad an influential effect on policy in special education. Some of these changes have left a positive legacy for future education legislators to build from while others have been detrimental to a student’s educational succe ss. All having positive and negative outcomes, some of these changes impacting education include the National Institute of Child and Human Development, Education for All Handicapped Children Act, No Child Left Behind Act, and Individuals with Disabilities Act. The reforms listedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act907 Words   |  4 PagesNo Child Left Behind Act The No Child Left behind Act allowed schools to determine the quality of the students and how well the students perform on tests that are set by federal government requirements. Also, it allowed parents of students from lower scored schools to transfer their students to go to a school with a higher score. This impacted education as a whole because it allowed the school to see what the needs were in that school and how the school could potentially better the students to beRead MoreSpecial Education And The Civil Rights Movement899 Words   |  4 PagesThe question is why? Although, the Federal Government required all children to attend school since 1918, this did not apply to students with disabilities. Many state laws gave school districts the ability to deny access to individuals they deem â€Å"uneducable.† The term â€Å"uneducable† varied from state to state, school to school, and even individual to individual. If students were accepted into the school, they were placed in regular classrooms with their peers with no support or in classrooms that wereRead MoreEssay about Special Needs Education999 Words   |  4 Pageseducating students with disabilities, specifically through the concept of inclusion. Inclusion is defined as having every student be a part of the classroom all working together no matter if the child has a learning disability or not (Farmer) (Inclusion: Where We’ve Been.., 2005, para. 5). The mentally retarded population has both a low IQ and the inability to perform everyday functions. Activities such as eating, dressing, walking, and in some cases, talking can be hopeless for a child with mentalRead MoreHow Education Is The Key Focus On Improving Test Scores1635 Words   |  7 Pagespolitics has placed its focus on student test scores, how to increase those test scores, and standards that must be followed in order to achieve the goals the politicians have set. Early childhood education has been the key focus on im proving test scores. According to the politics, test scores must meet above average levels in order for students to become college and career ready. Greater emphasize is pushed on math and reading levels to improve before students reach middle grade classes. PoliticsRead MoreOverview of the No Child Left Behind Act1568 Words   |  6 PagesNo Child Left Behind No Child Left behind Act was the brainchild of President George W. Bush administration. The No Child Left behind legislation was signed into law on January 8, 2002. The act compels public schools receiving federal funding to carry out statewide standardized tests annually to all the students (Williams, McClellan, Rivlin, 2010). Students have to take same test under same conditions. This essay seeks to enumerate ways in which the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 impact publicRead MoreLaws And Regulations Of A Child With Disabilities980 Words   |  4 PagesLaws and regulations pertaining to a child with disabilities are continuously changing. Though many of these changes over time are beneficial to the well-being of most students, there are some changes that spark debate on whether or not the change being implemented is actually beneficial to the students. This is the case with one particular law. In 2015, a law was enacted generating schools to phase out of standardized testing wit h modifications catered to students with special needs or intellectualRead More The Individuals with Disability Education Act Policy Essay example1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which is a supersession of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 is a federal law which requires states and their school districts to provide individuals with disabilities a free and appropriate education. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities. US Department Of EducationRead MoreEducation Is An Important Part Of Society1690 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive with students all around the world. His proposals were to ensure that every race, and religion would receive a good education. However, not every child was receiving the same education opportunities based on money issues surroun ding them and the minority they were classified as, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was to ensure that these issues would be dissolve. On January 8th of 2002, six months and one war later after George W. Bush first proposed the No Child Left Behind bill, it was

10 Chlorine Facts (Cl or Atomic Number 17)

Chlorine (element symbol Cl) is an element you encounter every day and need in order to live.  Chlorine is atomic number 17 with element symbol Cl. Fast Facts: Chlorine Symbol: ClAtomic Number: 17Appearance: Greenish-yellow gasAtomic Weight: 35.45Group: Group 17 (Halogen)Period: Period 3Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2  3p5Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774) Chlorine Facts Chlorine belongs to the halogen element group. It is the second lightest halogen, after fluorine. Like other halogens, its an extremely reactive element that readily forms the -1 anion. Because of its high reactivity, chlorine is found in compounds. Free chlorine is rare but exists as a dense, diatomic gas.Although chlorine compounds have been used by man since ancient times, pure chlorine was not produced (on purpose) until 1774 when Carl Wilhelm Scheele reacted magnesium dioxide with spiritus salis (now known as hydrochloric acid) to form chlorine gas. Scheele did not recognize this gas as a new element, instead believing it to contain oxygen. It wasnt until 1811 that Sir Humphry Davy determined the gas was, in fact, a previously unidentified element. Davy gave chlorine its name.Pure chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas or liquid with a distinctive odor (like chlorine bleach). The element name comes from its color. The Greek word chloros means greenish-yellow.Chlorine is the 3rd most abundant element in the ocean (about 1.9% by mass) and 21st most abundant element in the Earths crust.There is so much chlorine in the Earths oceans that it would weigh 5x more than our present atmosphere if it were somehow suddenly released as a gas.Chlorine is essential for living organisms. In the human body, its found as the chloride ion, where it regulates osmotic pressure and pH and aids digestion in the stomach. The element is usually obtained by eating salt, which is sodium chloride (NaCl). While its needed for survival, pure chlorine is extremely toxic. The gas irritates the respiratory system, skin, and eyes. Exposure to 1 part per thousand in air may cause death. Since many household chemicals contain chlorine compounds, its risky to mix them because toxic gases may be released. In particular, its important to avoid mixing chlorine bleach with vinegar, ammonia, alcohol, or acetone.Because chlorine gas is toxic and because its heavier than air, it was used as a chemical we apon. The first use was in 1915 by the Germans in World War I. Later, the gas was also used by the Western Allies. The effectiveness of the gas was limited because its strong odor and distinctive color alerted troops to its presence. Soldiers could protect themselves from the gas by seeking higher ground and breathing through damp cloth since chlorine dissolves in water.Pure chlorine is obtained primarily by electrolysis of saltwater. Chlorine is used to make drinking water safe, for bleaching, disinfection, textile processing, and to make numerous compounds. The compounds include chlorates, chloroform, synthetic rubber, carbon tetrachloride, and polyvinyl chloride. Chlorine compounds are used in medicines, plastics, antiseptics, insecticides, food, paint, solvents, and many other products. While chlorine is still used in refrigerants, the number of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the environment has dramatically declined. These compounds are believed to have contributed si gnificantly to the destruction of the ozone layer.Natural chlorine consists of two stable isotopes: chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. Chlorine-35 accounts for 76% of the natural abundance of the element, with chlorine-37 making up the other 24% of the element. Numerous radioactive isotopes of chlorine have been produced.The first chain reaction to be discovered was a chemical reaction involving chlorine, not a nuclear reaction, as you might expect. In 1913, Max Bodenstein observed a mixture of chlorine gas and hydrogen gas exploded upon exposure to light. Walther Nernst explained the chain reaction mechanism for this phenomenon in 1918. Chlorine is made in stars via the oxygen-burning and silicon-burning processes. Sources Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). The discovery of the elements. XVII. The halogen family. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (11): 1915. doi:10.1021/ed009p1915Winder, Chris (2001). The Toxicology of Chlorine. Environmental Research. 85 (2): 105–14. doi:10.1006/enrs.2000.4110

Jane Eyre and a Tale of Two Cities Love Theme Free Essays

string(163) " both novels through characters including Jane Eyre’s love interest, the dark handsome Edward Rochester whose life changes in a dramatic way after meeting Jane\." â€Å"I’m not supposed to love you, I’m not supposed to care, I’m not supposed to live my life wishing you were there. I’m not supposed to wonder where you are or what you do†¦ I’m sorry I can’t help myself, I’m in love with you. † (Quote from Lord Byron) What is love? Scientists would simply call it a magnificent chemical war inside the brain causing us to feel the way we do about another person. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre and a Tale of Two Cities: Love Theme or any similar topic only for you Order Now Famous poets Lord Byron and Shelley would argue that it is beauty that makes us feel love but isn’t it in fact love that opens our eyes to what’s truly beautiful about a person. Many would agree that love is blind but if this is so, how can it have the ability to allow us to see and feel things untouched by any other emotion. The only way to describe it that genuinely serves it any justice at all is to say love is magic. It has the power to make any given person do extraordinary things, the ability to transform or destroy anybody completely all in one emotion, one thing is for sure, it gives people a greater purpose for existence, a reason to live and die for, something beyond themselves to devote their life to. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre These constructions of love are repeatedly promoted in two of the most well known novels of the Victorian period, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. ‘She walks in beauty, like the night, Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright, Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow’d to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair’d the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress, Or softly lightens o’er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent! ’ (Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty) Lord Byron, a famous poet from the 17-1800’s, frequently promoted love as being linked to appearance and beauty, judging from his poems where whenever he would talk about love he would either be describing a beautiful women or the beautiful features of a women of his desire. There’s no doubt that these poems were popular and appealing to the public, however, whether they are true or not is a different story all on its own. Both novels, Jane Eyre and A Tale of Two Cities correspond and contradict this idea of love. For example in Dickens’ work Lucie Manette is made to be an object of innocence and beauty, she’s very pretty yet she’s virtuous, she’s very generous and kind, willing to give her time to help anyone in need of her help, including her father whom she nurses out of insanity after he is freed from the Bastille. The fact that Dickens made the ‘leading lady’ of his novel this way, shows that he believes what’s on the ‘inside’ is just as important if not more, than the appearance of a person. These same ideas are portrayed in Bronte’s work, but in her version the roles are reversed, as she makes Rochester very handsome also giving him a particularly strong magnetism to his personality. People, more specifically women, are drawn to him, and to Jane his most prominently attractive feature is his eyes, which have been said to be, by many, ‘the window to the soul’, so what does this mean? Does the fact that he has smouldering eyes mean that he has a beautiful soul, or does it work the other way around, maybe it goes hand in hand but the author making this distinctive statement about eyes alone, shows that this is of particular significance. Jane, however, is described as rather plain, so if Bronte didn’t believe the same as Dickens why would Rochester be so drawn to her, fall in love with her so easily and refuse a superficially beautiful woman in order to have Jane instead. Both novels agree to the fact that beauty is sometimes an aspect of love but its most definitely not everything, personality is the main object of importance when it comes to true love. However the ideas of love that Lord Byron offered to the public were not uncommon in the time they were created. The fountains mingle with the river, And the rivers with the ocean, The winds of Heaven mix for ever, With a sweet emotion; Nothing in the world is single, All things by a law divine, In one spirit meet and mingle -Why not I with thine? See the mountains kiss high Heaven, And the waves clasp one another; No sister-flower would be forgiven, If it disdained its brother; And the sunlight clasps the earth, And the moonbeams kiss the sea – What are all these kissings worth, If thou kiss not me? (Percy Bysshe Shelley, Love’s Philosophy) Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) the second poet mentioned earlier, promoted the same ideas of love in his works, the only difference between him and Lord Byron is that he used personification a lot more, comparing and describing the beauty of women and love, to the beauty of nature and aspects of the world. However in this poem shown above he talks about his longing for love, a theme also featured in Jane Eyre which shows that when love is found it has the power to transform a person, their life and the world through their eyes as a whole. The transformative power of love is established in the course of both novels through characters including Jane Eyre’s love interest, the dark handsome Edward Rochester whose life changes in a dramatic way after meeting Jane. You read "Jane Eyre and a Tale of Two Cities: Love Theme" in category "Papers" He goes from being a bitter playboy in Europe , to being humble yet still strong man, even turning down a beautiful socialite of high class, to be worthy of Jane’s love, showing also that beauty is not everything and it is what’s inside a person that really matters. Jane in the same manner also undergoes change, after longing for love and family her whole life, she finally finds it with Rochester and even after she leaves, she doesn’t encounter quite the same feeling until she returns to be with him. No woman was ever nearer to her mate than I am: ever more absolutely bone of his bone, and flesh of his flesh. I know no weariness of my Edward’s society: he knows none of mine, any more than we each do of the pulsation of the heart that beats in our separate bosoms; consequently, we are ever together. ’(Jane Eyre, Chapter 38) Another good example of how love can transform a person would be Sydney Carton from A Tale of Two Cities. His love for Lucie turns him from a drunk hat takes no credit in his work as a lawyer to a man completely devoted to making the one he loves happy. ‘It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known. ’ (Sydney Carton, A Tale of Two Cities, Page 225) Not only is his love one of strength, it is also pure and selfless because even though she marries another man, he sacrifices his life to save that man in order for her to be able to live her life with whom she truly loves. I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you. ’ (A Tale of Two Cities, Chapter 19). This is the ultimate act of love and climax of the story, showing that love, even if one sided is capable of doing amazing things, that it is a thing worth dying for if necessary, that someone who‘s love is tru e and selfless towards another person will contentedly disregard their own happiness and well being just to ensure the happiness of the one who holds their heart. One other character from A Tale of Two Cities who also goes through a quite extraordinary change is Dr. Alexandre Manett, an accomplished physician who gets wrongly accused of a crime he didn’t commit and imprisoned in the Bastille for 18 years. In his trauma he loses his mind and spends his whole time in jail sitting in a dark corner making shoes. When he is finally freed his loving daughter Lucie Manett spends all of her time nursing him out of his insanity and eventually he falls out of madness and returns to normal again. This shows that love is capable of reaching so deep into one’s heart and mind that it can restore a man in a state of mind so distorted into a person he used to be such a long time before. It has the power to sedate and possibly even heal mental trauma which is really quite incredible. Unfortunetly Dr. Manett is a tragic figure in the book and relapses to his original state of mind but this also shows that not every story has a happy ending and that some must suffer for others to triumph. There is, however, a connection between Lucie and her father that can never be broken, after lovingly caring for him and bringing him out of madness there is a trust uncommon to this time and place that exists between the two that will almost certainly remain forever. â€Å"He found the Doctor reading in his arm-chair at a window. The energy which had at once supported him under his old sufferings and aggravated their sharpness had been gradually restored to him. He was now a very energetic man indeed, with great firmness of purpose, strength of resolution, and vigour of action. † (A Tale of Two Cities, Tyler, Chapter 10) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going d irect to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way–in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. (A Tale of Two Cities, Chapter 1) In the clash between the French aristocracy and the revolutionaries, both sides employed spies to find out their enemies secrets and deal out harsh punishments to anyone suspected of being a rival. In this sort of atmosphere you could imagine how distrustful people would naturally be of each other, anyone you met could’ve been the person who was going to have you imprisoned or even worse, murdered. It seemed like everyone was on their own, however, even in this callous time and place love offered solace to the troubled people in need of someone or something to help them get through, it was the only thing that could truly bridge the gap between two individuals. This also somewhat applied in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre as the troubled young Jane spent most of her early life unaccepted and unloved by her family and peers, the only one person who showed her any form of affection at all was Bessie, and even then it was only occasionally. When Jane and Helen become friends is the first time in the novel that she feels appreciated in any way as a person, she longs for love all this time because it is in fact the most cherished emotion that human beings feel. â€Å"to gain some real affection from you, or Miss Temple, or any other whom I truly love, I would willingly submit to have the bone of my arm broken, or to let a bull toss me, or to stand behind a kicking horse, and let it dash its hoof at my chest† (Jane Eyre, Chapter 8) Here you see how much Jane would really sacrifice just to feel that somebody loves her, this shows how valuable love really is because to live without it, is to live in longing for it. It is in truth, an emotion humans cannot live without and it’s literally everywhere we look, it’s what gives people hope, it’s the bigger picture on everyone’s conscious, from the love of beauty to the way a person behaves and their personality, love will always be important to human beings, and in honest belief the world would be a rather dead place without it. How to cite Jane Eyre and a Tale of Two Cities: Love Theme, Papers

Privacy Issues of Internet of Things-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What does the statement "the best interface for a system is no User Interface"? 2.Compare the bandwidth, distance, interference rating, cost and security of a) twisted pair cable, b) coaxial cable and 3) fibre optic cable. 3.Compare the three technologies by addressing the advantages, disadvantages, key requirements for the things. 4.Discuss the issues associated with security and privacy in the context of the Internet of Things. 5.how much of its time budget can be saved by redesigning the application to use the publish/subscribe communication model in lieu of the command/response approach? 6.Describe Nielson's Law. How does it relate to Moore's Law? What are the implications for the Internet of Thing? Answers: 1.The explanation of the phrase the best interface for a system is no user interface is that it eliminates the development of the user interface for executing the application function at any technology. It would eliminate the scope for requirement of an interface while processing the functions of the application by using the technology. The requirement of extra time for the user to operate in the system would be relinquished by using the no user interface system. The number of steps required for the operation of the project would be decreased by using the no interface system in the applications. The benefit of the phrase the best interface for a system is no user interface can be explained with the help of following examples, Example 1: The functions of the cars have been developed with the help of new user interface for opening the gate of the car by using the wireless mobile network (Takai et al., 2013). The number of steps in the opening or closing of the door have been increased as the user first have to open the application in the mobile device, then go to the option of opening the car door from the mobile, and request for opening the gate of the car. The network connection would send the request for opening the door to the server. The server would search for the appropriate network of the car and it would forward the query to the network. The car would receive the request and it would process for opening the door. It would be time consuming and the overall time duration of the project would be very high. The need for the user interface could be reduced for forming the minimum time duration requirement for the project. Example 2: The payment through gateway would be deployed for forming the improvement of the operations and it had formed the effective role in the payment through development process (Fisher, 2013). The payment gateway would comprise of making the appropriate formation of the system development. However, the payment gateway would comprise of a number of steps first signing in the platform application, requesting the payment through the bank server, the bank would process the payment, and the payment would be received. All these processes are involved in the payment gateway platform and it would result in forming the issue of exhaustion of resources. The removal of user interface would result in forming the solution for exhaustion of resources and would increase the process of payment system. 2.The specification of the cables and the categorization of the cables had been done in the following tables, Cable Types Coaxial Cable Twisted Pair Cable Fiber Optic Cable Bandwidth 1GHz 1MHz 75THz Distance 500m 100m 10 Km when on Single mode 2Km when on Multi mode Interference rating Has the tendency of being least vulnerable to interference when compare to the other two types of cables Has the tendency of being limited to distance and vulnerable to interference Has the tendency of not being vulnerable to the interference Cost Medium costing of the cable when compare to the other two types of cables Cheaper than the other two types of cables Highest expensive when compare to the other two types of cables Security As opined by Winzer (2014), the security would be moderate when compare to the other two types of cables Very Poor in compare to the other two types of cables It is the most secured type of cable that can be used for network connection Specification of the cables categories Co-Axial Cable: According to Ha et al. (2013), there are three types of Co-Axial Cable namely Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 1 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 50 Ohm, RG-11 or Rg-7, and it is applicable for thick power Ethernet. The Type 2 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 50 Ohm, RG-58, and it is applicable with thin power Internet. The Type 3 Co-Axial cable has the specification of 75 Ohm, RG-59, and it is applicable with cable television. Twister Pair Cable: According to Lee et al. (2013), there are three types of Unprotected Twister Pair Cable namely Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 1 Unprotected Twister Pair cable is basically used for telephone lines and low speed internet data cable. The Type 2 Shielded Twisted Pair cable is basically used for supporting the 4 MPS implementation. The Type 3 Foil Shielded Twister Pair cable is basically used for supporting maximum 16 MPS (although it is used for 10 MPS only). Fibre Optic Cable: There are three types of Fibre Optic Cable and they are Single Mode Fibre Optic Cable, Multi Mode Fibre Optic Cable, and Plastic Fibre Optic Cable. These three cables have different ranges of 2Km, 10Km, and 16km respectively. 3.The following table would analyse the advantages, disadvantages, and application of using Internet of Things, IoT Devices: Sensors Advantages: High current capability and low cost of maintenance for forming the low tech sensing. Disadvantages: The sensor would require the physical contact and it is slow in response Application: Interlocking, Packaging, and parts detection IoT Devices: RFID Advantages: Can be read without the use of line of sight and multiple tags are allowed Disadvantages: Costly in use and a number of processing are involved Application: Tracking of products like jewellery, pallet, and apparel tracking IoT Devices: Video Tracking Advantages: Effective communication and automation of the control functions Disadvantages: Complex system and privacy exposure is probable Application: Human to computer interaction and the augmentation of the reality is possible 4.Security Issues: According to Suo et al. (2012), the security issues can be described as the harms on the IoT applications that can be occurred due to unauthorized access resulting in misuse of the information for their personal benefits. Privacy Issues: As opined by Borgohian, Kumar and Sanyal (2015) the direct involvement of the private and sensitive information as such account details, precise geo-location and health location have to face the issue of exposure of the personal information such as physical condition, habits, and locations. 5.Blocking Mode- The blocking mode is characterized by the occurrence of the operating request of the user and orientation of the endpoint for involving the longer and waiting times of operation. The blocking mode is a synchronous mode where the original message would not be received by the originator.Publish or Subscribe Paradigm- The Publish or Subscribe Paradigm is also referred to as pub or sub paradigm and it helps in enabling the unidirectional communication to subscribers or publishers (more than one). Figure 1: Publish or Subscribe Paradigm Command or Response Paradigm: Command or Response Paradigm would be helpful for communication when the case of overhead of not required messages travel in reverse direction. Figure 2: Command or Response paradigm Total time saving= propagation delay of 12ms + time required for receiving the message 1ms = 13ms 6.Nielsons law: The Nielsons law can be understood as the evaluation of the bandwidth used by the users for increasing the value to 150% of the original value. The data records had been collected in between the year of 1983 to 2016. The following graph had been extracted from his studies, Figure 3: Graph Population V/S Year (Source: Nielsen 2014) Relation with Moores law: Both the laws are very similar as Nielson stated that the growth of bandwidth of users is increasing by 50 % per year and Moore stated that computer double in capabilities every 18 months and this is 60% of the annual growth. Nielsons law and IoT: The Nielsons law can be implied in IoT for deducing the fact that till the year of 2024, the sensor technology would see the remarkable growth and it would help in data stream creation. The microchips would be used widely along with body and skin sensors References Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Fisher, M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,323. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ha, S. K., Kim, G. S., Choi, S. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, J. G., Park, M., ... Sim, K. (2013). PHILS based protection system design for an HTS power cable installed in a grid. , 339-340. Lee, W., Cheon, M., Hyun, C. H., Park, M. (2013). Development of building fire safety system with automatic security firm monitoring capability.Fire safety journal,58, 65-73. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Sommer, J., Franz, W. (2012). A Component-based Simulation Model and its Implementation of a Switched Ethernet Network. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30. Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Fisher, M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,323. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ha, S. K., Kim, G. S., Choi, S. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, J. G., Park, M., ... Sim, K. (2013). PHILS based protection system design for an HTS power cable installed in a grid. , 339-340. Lee, W., Cheon, M., Hyun, C. H., Park, M. (2013). Development of building fire safety system with automatic security firm monitoring capability.Fire safety journal,58, 65-73. Nielsen, J. (2014). Nielsens Law of Internet Bandwidth, 1998. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE. Sommer, J., Franz, W. (2012). A Component-based Simulation Model and its Implementation of a Switched Ethernet Network. Suo, H., Wan, J., Zou, C., Liu, J. (2012, March). Security in the internet of things: a review. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 international conference on(Vol. 3, pp. 648-651). IEEE. Takai, I., Ito, S., Yasutomi, K., Kagawa, K., Andoh, M., Kawahito, S. (2013). LED and CMOS image sensor based optical wireless communication system for automotive applications.IEEE Photonics Journal,5(5), 6801418-6801418. Tozlu, S., Senel, M., Mao, W., Keshavarzian, A. (2012). Wi-Fi enabled sensors for internet of things: A practical approach.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(6). Winzer, P. J. (2014). Spatial multiplexing in fiber optics: The 10x scaling of metro/core capacities.Bell Labs Technical Journal,19, 22-30.

How to improve your productivity

How to improve your productivity We all have been through this: working hard on a serious project at work or college and at some point it gets stuck. Simply because of the lack of ideas, fresh thoughts or just your interest burns out. It is a common thing but it doesn’t mean it is normal. It’s possible to wriggle out of the deadlock. We offer you a couple of easy tips for everyday that are applicable to any work or studying. Sleep Tight – Work Alright Sleep deprivation is the root of all your problems. You fall asleep at night but your brain doesn’t. It performs one of its most important functions – excretes metabolites from the neurons (all the unnecessary and harmful accumulations). Basically it just cleans itself.   Think of your computer: what happens if you don’t clean it? Right, it’s more liable to derangements! Keeping a healthy sleeping pattern will keep the brain fit. It seems that there’s not enough time to complete the task and the way out is to cut on sleep. Well, it is NOT. If the head isn’t fresh enough, the energy conversion efficiency of the work equals zero. Digress from the Topic I remember a story of one nurse: when getting on the bus after work, she was looking at passengers’ arms and thinking whether she could hit the vein on the first try for a blood test. The point is, when you work hard on something all the time you are all into the subject even when you are off the work. Thus, when you get yourself distracted for some other things (even usual ones like a cup of coffee or brushing teeth), subconsciously thoughts, related to the project, are still processing in the head. You free the mind and the solution may strike you, while you’re making a sandwich. Give it a Break Working hard is the major part of the productivity. However, â€Å"no rest for the wicked† (workaholic) shouldn’t be the case. Constant thinking process, working stress and tension are fraught with what people call burning out. Losing interest to what you’re doing because it doesn’t bring you happiness and satisfaction any more, won’t add to your productivity. Be more lenient to yourself: go on a work in the park to clear up the mind, or try fishing and relax by the water. Take some time to relax, calm down and replenish the energy reserve. As the White Rabbit said â€Å"The hurrier I go, the behinder I get†. Muse – the Goddess of Inspiration British rock is great but it’s not the kind of Muse that will bestow you with ideas while watching YouTube and doing nothing. The inspiration will come only while working. Therefore, the lack of inspiration is not an excuse for not working. The productivity will rise in the process when you get deep into your ideas and find inspiration in the project. Manage the Work Ahead Fact: the day has 24 hours. That’s a general knowledge that we often forget about or try to outwit. Sorry General Knowledge – it’s a human nature! We cannot make the day longer or hours pass slower. The only thing that’s in our control is managing 24 hours that we have. Plan your work ahead and try to accomplish the hardest tasks first. The productivity will remain high as long as you do not procrastinate and leave the work for the last minute. Hence, nothing special will get into the head, when it’s full of thoughts about not missing the deadline.

Miscibility of Fluids in Chemistry

Miscibility of Fluids in Chemistry If you add 50 mL of water to 50 mL of water you get 100 mL of water. Similarly, if you add 50 mL of ethanol (alcohol) to 50 mL of ethanol you get 100 mL of ethanol. But, if you mix 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol you get approximately 96 mL of liquid, not 100 mL. Why? The answer has to do with the different sizes of the water and ethanol molecules. Ethanol molecules are smaller than water molecules, so when the two liquids are mixed together the ethanol falls between the spaces left by the water. Its similar to what happens when you mix a liter of sand and a liter of rocks. You get less than two liters total volume because the sand fell between the rocks, right? Think of miscibility as mixability and its easy to remember. Fluid volumes (liquids and gasses) arent necessarily additive. Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces) also play their part in miscibility, but thats another story.

Why men's basketball is better than women's basketball Essay - 3

Why men's basketball is better than women's basketball - Essay Example nt popularity because it was invented before women’s basketball, and this attributed to gaining of numerous fans by the latter compared to the former. In addition, numerous fans watching these games are interested in cheering the best players of the basketball, and it happens that men a good in playing basketball compared to women. Therefore, men’s basketball end up attracting a larger number of fans compared to women’s basketball (Kramer, 1). On the other hand, the notion indicating that men are good at applying various tactics through their talents while playing that the game has made their game is more attractive than women’s are. In this case, this essay will sets out to explore reasons that makes men’s basketball be considered better than women’s basketball. Men’s basketball game has been regarded to be more entertaining than women’s basketball, whereby men tend to be highly talented compared to women. Moreover, numerous people enjoy watching the contemptible dunks and struggles that these men endure to win a game. In fact, men have been identified to play in the upper professional raking perimeter that facilitates employment of various tactics and talents in a way that earns them victory. Furthermore, men’s teams have acquired attention from numerous fans that have a high preference of watching a game played by teams with professional skills (Kramer, 1). Therefore, given that men apply these tactics and their professional skills more than women do, this makes this brings excitement to their game. The mechanics and unique styles applied by men in playing their game have increasingly become attractive to the fans. In this case, men cultivate through the diversity of the athletes and these professional skills more than women do. In fact, men tend to evaluate their immediate situation prior to offering a response (Silverman, 1). There is differentiation between men and women’s styles of learning, which leads to a disparity in the process of

Job satisfaction and its impact on employee intention to leave Research Paper

Job satisfaction and its impact on employee intention to leave - Research Paper Example The offering of competitive salaries would not only satisfy the employees, but it would also increase their commitment to their work, hence an increase in productivity. As the workload for the employees within the institution increases, so should their pay, because in the modern world, good payment packages are a huge motivator for keeping employees satisfied as well as dedicated to their jobs. If the institution for which people work does not offer them competitive salaries, then there is a high likelihood of them leaving for better paying jobs is quite high. In addition, another reason why employees would lose satisfaction in their jobs is the lack of independence to be innovative in their work. There are instances where the management of an institution chooses to dictate all the processes, which the employees should undertake in the workplace. The lack of consultation by the management to the employees ensures that the former does not know what the employees want and as a result, the latter end up not being satisfied with their work conditions. Employers should make sure that there is frequent consultation with the employees so that any issues from the latter can be addressed and settled. Furthermore, employees should be given the freedom to choose how best to work, as long as what they do is in the best interests of the institution. This will ensure that the employees have a high level of job satisfaction because they will be able to find innovative ways of doing their work without any fear of negative repercussions from the managemen t. The good relationship that would be built between the employers and the employees through constant consultations and innovative freedom to the latter would ensure that the working conditions within the institution are more than satisfactory. It can be concluded that job satisfaction does in fact influence the

Howard Stringers Sony Leadership

Howard Stringers Sony Leadership The report is an evaluation of the organization structure implemented by Sir Howard Stringer in October 2005. The transition of Sonys organization structure from Transnational structural to multidivisional structure has been analyzed in detail. Goold and Campbells five tests have been conducted to determine the appropriateness of Sir Howard Stringers structural choice given his desire to make Sony a more innovative and flexible organization. The risks and benefits of the structural choice has also been assessed. The report displays the cultural web of Sony before and after Sir Howards arrival. It was derived that the Reconstruction type of strategic change had been used to bring about the transformation in the organizations culture. Consequently, Sir Howard adopted the Education and Communication and the Collaboration/Participation styles of strategic change implementation. In conclusion, it can be seen that the stock share value has increased during 2005-2007 which means that Howard Stringer was doing a good job at implementing his change. Introduction As a part of this report let us start by introducing Sony Corporation. SONY Sony is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, video, communications, video game consoles, and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets. Sony was founded on 7th May 1946. The representative corporate executive officers at Sony as of today as Howard Stringer(Chairman, CEO and President), Ryoji Chubachi (Vice Chairman) and Nobuyuki Oneda (Executive Deputy President and CFO). (Sony Global (2009) has provided the above information). Sony Corporation (commonly referred to as Sony) is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue exceeding  ¥ 7.730.0 trillion, or $78.88 billion U.S. (FY2008). Its name is derived from sonus, the Latin word for sound. Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its five operating segments-electronics, games, entertainment (motion pictures and music), financial services and other. Sonys principal business operations include Sony Corporation (Sony Electronics in the U.S.), Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Ericsson, and Sony Financial. As a semiconductor maker, Sony is among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders. The companys slogan is make.believe. (Wikipedia (2009) provided information regarding Sony Corporation). Company Strategy Vision (2005): make Sony cool again Vision (2009): make.believe When Howard Stringer joined as the CEO of Sony Global Japan he made new strategies and used those strategies to restructure the organization to be in-line with these strategies. Firstly, he looked at the core competencies of the company and focused mainly on the electronics, games and entertainment sector. He established a growth strategy saying, Our target is for the Sony Group to achieve consolidated sales of over 8 trillion yen and an operating profit margin of 5% (electronics 4%) by the end of fiscal year 2007. NewsBlaze (2005) published the company strategy from the fiscal year 2005 to 2008 as given in Appendix C of this report. The three-year revitalization plan/strategy was as follows (in brief): Restructuring the Electronics Organization Eliminated the corporate silos and bring more focus on competitive growth. Improving Sonys Profit Structure Cost Reductions Sale of Real Estate, Stock and Non-Core Assets Strengthening Sonys Current Electronics Business Focus on areas of the Electronics business by bringing profitability in television by the second half of 2006. Focusing Resources on Growth Strategy Making the HD World and Major Profit Pillar Launching of a range of high-definition products in 2006. Focusing on Intelligent Interoperable Products Developing network-enabled products and applications Strengthening Technology Development Creation of Home and Mobile Platforms Concentrating Investment on Semiconductors and Key Component Devices Next-Generation Display (OLED) Enhancing Software Development Group Convergence Strategy Pursuit of mobile entertainment Establishment of Cell Development Center Group Strategy by Individual Sector focus on: Games Entertainment Motion Pictures Music Mobile Phones Financial Services Network Services, Retail Retail Business Note: Refer to Appendix C for a detailed Company Strategy. Organizational Structure Corporate Structure of Sony Corporation From the analysis on the organizational structure that Howard Stringer was trying to implement in 2005 we can see that it was clearly a multi-divisional structure. This structure has been further worked on since 2005 and there have been slight changes to the same. Multi-Divisional structure (M-form) The multi-divisional structure is also known as the product structure where the divisional structure groups organizational function into a division. Each division works as an independent section within the company and the divisional structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. Each Division will have its own sales, engineering and marketing departments. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2009). Howard Stringer was attempting to implement the multi-divisional structure. He had assigned Ryoji Chubachi to handle the main Electronics business and Chubachi had implemented the multinational matrix structure. We will not go into details of the matrix structure but will explain it below in brief. In case of the Multinational Structure of the organization we can see that there were a few business units that were put together in order to increase their responsiveness in the market. There were five committees created across all these business units and business groups. This gave a better integration of knowledge, flexibility and the ability to analyze these units across its procurement, technology, product strategy, sales and productive business outcomes. Strategy and Organizational Structure When Howard Stringer took over the Sony Global Corporation in 2005 he gave strategies for each product in the company. The strategies are stated above in the Introduction section of this report. As per the strategies implemented we can see clearly that he had devised different strategies for each core product that Sony was providing and so he also divided the companys organizational structure the same way. Thus, we see that the company is become more flat and each division is reporting to the Headquarters. As in a multidivisional organization such as Sony, the divisions become flexible as in the sense that they are able to merge, add or close divisions. This is apparent in the fact that Sonys Mobile division merged with Ericsson to produce Sony Ericsson range of mobiles. It can also be seen that Sonys Music Entertainment division had a 50-50 joint venture with Bertelsmann Music Group naming Sonys Music division as Sony BMG Music Entertainment and in August 2008 Sony bought Bertelsmanns 50% shares and Sony renamed its Music division as Sony Music Entertainment. Ergo, it is apparent that because of Sonys multidivisional structure each division is able to work as its own company which is flexible enough to have joint-venture projects as in the case of Sony Ericsson and the company is also able to make the decision of buying over another company such as the Bertelsmann Music group. When Howard Stringer took over Sony he also closed down a chain of restaurants and other non-core business companies that Sony owned. With a multidivisional structure in place Sir Howard Stringer was able to control and oversee each division from a distance by monitoring the business performance of each division. If we look at the advantages of a multi-divisional structure we can see that because the structure is divided by product lines it allows each division to grow and specialize on their competences. We can see that each division has actually become its own company like the Sony Electronics Inc., the Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc., and Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. As we will see in the redundancy test later in this report we can see that each of the companies that are based in each country have their own head offices. This means that there are many parent levels in this organization which means that many of the supporting departments such as HR and IT will be redundant but due to the large organization structure of the company Sony needs these headquarters to be set-up. Although the knowledge sharing and cooperation between the business units become very limited but Howard Stringer has tried overcoming this by placing five strategic committees across the business units which are the product, technology, production, procurement and sales. Thus standardizations and centralization has helped to reduce effort and poor coordination. Also, with Howard traveling around Sonys operations at a rate of 30,000 air miles a month (Nakamoto 2006) is building spirits and reflecting in the eyes of the employees all around Sony. Goold and Campbell Tests We will use the Goold and Campbell last 5 tests to determine the appropriateness of Howard Stringers structural choice given his desire to make Sony cool again (Clayton 2005). The Specialist Cultures Test: The Organization Structure: Specialist Culture test In the Specialist Culture test we placed Sony between Good and Very Good as Sony has an Engineer-driven culture (Edwards, Lowry, Ihlwan, Hall 2005). Sony is an engineering culture (Paczkowski 2008) says Howard Stringer and they really take care of their engineers. Engineers have the freedom to think and come up with new designs. When a certain project was untaken engineers from all the different departments met in one place to finish that task. This shows that there is no organizational contamination of the specialist engineer culture test. The Difficult Links Test Shared know-how Links Sony holds Knowledge-sharing sessions and several other activities company wide. They host forums to enable interactive discussion about the company news and they engage their employees in company developments and in-the-Know at all times as claimed by them on their website. Sony also provides all documents, policies, lessoned learned and all other types of documents on their intranet sites. Shared Tangible Resources Links Though with a multidivisional organization with so many parent companies the amount of duplication of work increases but after Sir Howard Stringer came into Sony he divided all core businesses by products into separate units that would report to the Corporate office and setup a corporate RD unit to reduce the duplications and also brought in standardized engineered products to help the reduction of cost. Pooled Negotiating Power Links Sonys Mobile division merged with Ericsson to produce Sony Ericsson range of mobiles. Ericsson had the latest mobile technology and Sony had the vast experience in consumer electronics and entertainment like music, pictures and games. Bringing them both together in a 50-50 joint venture gave Sony power in the market. This would help both the companies generate economies of scale. It can also be seen that Sonys Music Entertainment division had a 50-50 joint venture with Bertelsmann Music Group naming Sonys Music division as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Financial analysts covering the merger anticipated that up to 2,000 jobs would be cut as a result, saving Sony BMG approximately $350 million annually (Wikipedia, 2009) Coordinated Strategies Links After Sir Howard took over he put together the Electronics Unit which consisted of: The Semiconductor Business unit Core component Business Unit BP Business Group Audio Business Group Digital Imaging Business group VAIO Business Group Video Business Group TV Business Group Connect Company He strategically placed all these units and groups together in order to establish Sony as a leading player. They wanted to develop a semiconductor and core components group thus they put these two relevant new business units under the Electronics Unit. With this new engineering structure Sony wanted to increase their internally sourced components, centralize their engineering functions and reduce their cost by consolidating and cutting down their manufacturing sites. Vertical Integration Links By coordinating the flow of its internally sources components and by standardizing designs through out the company Sir Howard has managed to reduce cost and enhance product development. New-Business Creation Links Vertical integration is very obvious in the Sony business as they try to enter the digital world they are buying companies and doing joint ventures to meet the specific needs of their customers and that is to bring the mobile, music, gaming and video entertainment together. Sony is in a good position to do a backward or forward integration in case it decides to do so. The structure is flexible enough to accommodate that. The links are best handled through self-managed networking among units n top management should leave this up to the unit rather than impose to-down coordination process. The Redundant Hierarchy Test: The Organization Structure: The Redundant Hierarchy Test The reason we have placed them between satisfactory and good is because although the company had many parent levels in the organization they were able to reduce the redundancy through standardizing they internal sourced components. Sony also standardized its designs across the different units and in its core business which was the Electronics Business they had five committees across each group which were the product, technology, production, procurement and sales. This centralization has helped to reduce effort and poor coordination. Also, with Howard traveling around Sonys operations at a rate of 30,000 air miles a month (Nakamoto 2006) he tends to increase the communication gap between the different groups and companies at Sony. The Accountability Test The Organization Structure: The Accountability Test The reason we have placed them between good and very good is because in the multidivisional structure the overall structure of the company is flat. Thus, most of the units are directly reporting to the corporate office. This increases the responsibility and accountability of each unit heads. The Flexibility Test The Organization Structure: The Flexibility Test The reason we have placed them between good in the case of its flexibility is because Sonys structure after Sir Howard Stringer had made it flexible for the company like the Sony Mobile business unit to merge with Ericsson Sonys Music Entertainment division had a 50-50 joint venture with Bertelsmann Music Group. Sony also sold many of its non-core assets like the restaurant chains etc after its restructuring since it made it easy by moving these non-core business units out of the way to concentrate on the core business. The Risk and Benefits of the Multidivisional Structure As we found out through our analysis that Sony Corporation has a multidivisional structure and Goold and Campbells five tests of good general design principles helps us to see what risks and benefits that Sony Corporation faced when Howard Stringer took over. The Benefits   In Electronics group Sony placed centralized decision-making power over key areas under the Electronics CEO. This change assures coordination and focus across newly defined business groups. Exact horizontal coordination in main areas- product planning, technology, procurement, manufacturing, and sales and marketing-will allow fast and streamlined decision making across product lines. Concentration on particular business area (Games, Entertainment, Electronics, Mobile phones) Flexible (Sony Corporation can focus its resources on different business groups, which depends on market situation, add, close or merge divisions ) Specialization of competence (We can see that each division has actually become its own company like the Sony Electronics Inc., the Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc., Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.) Ability to give clear direction and make a working environment that draws out the unique talents of employees and helps them to reach their full potential Encourages general management development Ownership of strategy (As per the strategies implemented we can see clearly that he had devised different strategies for each core product that Sony was providing and so he also divided the companys organizational structure the same way) Investment in core businesses Sony divisions enable to work in tandem for their mutual advantage (to develop new-age products).    The Risks Conflicts between divisions Additional cost of the center Difficulty of co-operation between business groups (due to the large organization structure of the company the knowledge sharing and cooperation between the business units become very limited but Howard Stringer has tried overcoming this by placing five strategic committees across the business units) Divisions might grow too large (as we said before each division has actually become its own company like the Sony Electronics Inc. or the Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. and there is a risk of them grow too large) Power is centralized As CEO Sir Howard Stringer recalled in a 2005 New Yorker article, the engineers started to suffer from a damaging not invented here syndrome, even as rivals were introducing next-generation products such as the iPod and Xbox. As a result of their belief that outside ideas were not as good as inside ones, they missed opportunities in such areas as MP3 players and flat-screen TVs and developed unwanted products-cameras that werent compatible with the most popular forms of memory, for instance. Looking at the above risks and benefits we can see that though there were a lot of risks in the structure Sir Howard needed to make a decision and he made this decision with the help of allies in the company and he also took help from persons who were made in-charge of changing the IBM structure many years back. They were successful in doing so and since Sir Howard was declared President of Sony Global we can say that he is still in there and is still fighting and restructuring to put Sony back on to globe again. Sony is today coming up with new customer focused products rather than products that are innovative but it is not what the customer wants. The Cultural Web Before Howard Stringer Organizational culture sometimes influences the organizations strategy if taken for granted. Culture has played a role in Sonys current financial difficulties. They had power blocks which hindered the flow of communication and corporation between the management, designers, production and marketing. The Cultural Web, developed by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes in 1992, provides one such approach for looking at and changing your organizations culture. Using it, you can expose cultural assumptions and practices, and set to work aligning organizational elements with one another, and with your strategy. The Cultural Web identifies six interrelated elements that help to make up what Johnson and Scholes call the paradigm the pattern or model of the work environment. By analyzing the factors in each, you can begin to see the bigger picture of your culture: what is working, what isnt working, and what needs to be changed. The six elements are: Power Structures: Sony had a culture, were long serving executives have very strong influence on the organization. At their annual general meetings all these executives take up the front seats whiles the lower ranks are relegated to the back. Many of the working seniors did not even discuss their share values and did not have the involvement in the business. Control Systems: Sony emphasized on budget plans and emergency fixes as their main control systems. Quality was not really emphasized, they believed in getting the work done with the least amount of cost. Lower level staffs were not awarded for their achievements or bonuses given at the end of the year. All these were aimed at controlling cost. Organizational Structure: They had the functional/Transnational type of organization where the CEO sits at the top and all functional heads report to him. They believe in top management taking all the decisions without the involvement of the junior level engineers. These caused lack of communication and co-operation between the various units and more of delegation to get the problem solved. Stories: Sony had gone through continuous restructuring for the past 9 years to improve their financial positions. Sony was not customer focused. They did not invest in non-core businesses and lacked new-age products even though they had very good and talented engineers. Although Sony believed in harmony of the people and the company but with all this restructuring the morale of the employees was down and this was evident when there was a comment that there is sparkle in the eyes of the employees after Howard Stringer took over. Rituals Routines: As per the Japanese culture of respect Sony had a ritual that it never fired its high rank executives even after retiring. The senior managers were made Advisor (Gunther, 2006) and each of them had their own secretary, a car and driver and they also had the authority to second-question people who were actually working at Sony. At Sony the ritual was that if an engineer came to know about a fault in the product they would let the seniors know they would just fix the problem and just do it. Thus seniors were not involved in the business Symbols: There was a symbol of seniority when the company never really retired its senior managers and also in the fact that during annual meetings the seniors would be given the preferred and best seats in the hall while the others were given uncomfortable seats to symbolize the importance that Sony gave to its senior managers. To create the harmony they want and give employees a range of different health and wellness programs. Some of those (as taken from the Sony Site) are as below: They provided On-site fitness centers On-site flu shots On-site cafeterias Wellness fairs 100% medical and dental plans Health risk assessments Gym discounts Stop Smoking programs Nutrition information Ritual Routines Respect for senior managers Work in Harmony giving employees the best working environment. Seniors never got fired. Engineers got the freedom to do what they wanted to. Engineers did not inform senior managers of faults they just fixed it. Stories Continuous restructuring Morale was down Believed in the harmony of the environment and the peoples freedom of working in that environment Symbols Senior management given big pays No one really gets retired Health related programs and discounts available. Complete Medical covered. The Paradigm Respect for Seniors Emphasis on Harmony through-out the company Health and wellness programs, discounts and medical coverage Engineer-driven Culture New innovative products Power Structure A lot of power was given to seniors in the company who were not involved in the day to day work. Less responsibility on the shoulder of the seniors managers as responsibility was not taken Control Systems Budgets Emergency Fixes Organizational Structures Transnational Branches/devolved Delegative leadership style Engineer-driven culture Figure 7- Cultural Web before Howard Stringer became CEO of Sony Global Sony Corporation mainly focused on giving the best environment to its employees especially its engineers who were the minds behind the innovations. A high level of respect was kept between the senior and junior employees in the company. Various Health and wellness programs and benefits were available for employees. Sony was an engineer-driven culture which put what the engineers thought and innovated before what the customers wanted or what the market demanded. The Cultural Web After Howard Stringer Power Structures: Howard was made the new CEO thus giving power of the company to him. He was able to make changes but very smartly Howard made Chubachi his right hand man since he was aware that he was the first non-Japanese CEO of the company. His power can be seen in the fact that Howard is now President of Sony in 2009. Control Systems: There was a more cost control in the company through reduction of employees in many of the sites. Manufacturing companies were consolidated and shut down in many areas. Rewards and bonuses based on group performance (not seniority) after Howard Stringer had taken over. Organizational Structure: With the structural changes that Howard had made to the company Sony had a flatter structure. Management was made to be more involved in each of the business units of the company. There was more responsibility given to senior and middle management. Stories: As per Chubachi, it was said that since Sir Howard had taken over there was a sparkle in the eyes of the employees. The over all morale of the company was better. After Howard came people were still not sure if they knew where they were leading to but they understood the company strategy which was to make the company cool again. People were more excited. Rituals Routines: After Howard came he dissolved the advisory board that consisted of 45 senior mangers who had a say in the company even after they had retired. Main customer who had used Sony products for a long time where now giving their inputs on the Sony products. Engineers were given more appreciations. Success was being celebrated through Award ceremonies, Christmas parties, training programs and knowledge sharing sessions. Symbols: After Howard came he dissolved the advisory board that consisted of 45 senior managers who had a say in the company even after they had retired. Each of them had a secretary, a car and driver and probably many other benefits. The gap between the senior management and the juniors was being reduced. Ritual Routines Good communications Customer involvement Appreciations Giving praise Celebration of success Stories Reduced Gap between the senior managers and juniors. People were more aware of the company strategy. Symbols Senior management who had retired where not taken care of by the company. Promotions based on group performance The Paradigm Respect for Seniors Emphasis on Harmony through-out the company Health and wellness programs, discounts and medical coverage New innovative products Power Structure Engineers given limited power Management given more responsibility along with current power. Restructuring of power in the company Control Systems Budgets Partnership agreements Financial controls Organizational Structures Multi-divisional Units based on market priority and business needs. democratic leadership style Figure 8- Cultural Web after Howard Stringer became CEO of Sony Global From the above cultural web we can see that Sony did not undergo major paradigm changes but did move from a transnational structure to a multi-divisional (Electronic department was a matrix) structure. Sir Howard Stringers Change Management Change management is also known as Change control. It is usually referred to the process by which the change of a system/process/organization is implemented in a controlled manner. If we look at the above Cultural Webs before and after Sir Howard Stringer took over Sony we can see that in order to bring the changes as per the paradigms shown above he had to adopt a Change Management program. Organizational change management processes include techniques for creating a change management strategy which is getting everybody involved in the change process. Engaging senior managers as change leaders, they become the sponsors of the change program. You also need to build awareness of the need for change (communications) getting everybody to understand why the need for change. Developing skills and knowledge to support the change (education and training), helping employees move through the period of change (coaching by managers and supervisors), and methods to sustain the change (measurement systems, rewards and reinforcement). Howard Stringer had instituted all these processes for his change management, but due to the dominance culture that existed before Howard Stringer took over, he had some resistance against his change management programme. There were forces for change and forces against change. Using Kurt Lewins force field analysis tool will help us analyse some of the driving and restraining force in Howard Stringers change management. These were some of the forces for and against his change management. Positive Forces ( + ) He came from a different culture and a different way of doing things Customers want new products Improve speed of production and raise volumes of out put Involvement of all employees using the bottom-up approach Experience and talented engineers It was a long-term strategy Introducing new technologies Reducing cost Dominant values where they believe in top management taking all the decisions They believe in the status quo, the normal way of doing things Negative Forces ( ) Not customer focused Fear of losing their position or become redundant Uncertainty not sure if the change program will work or not As per Johnson and Scholes in their book Exploring Competitive Strategy they have provided a framework for strategic change. Diagnosing the change situation à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Managing Styles and roles à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Levers for managing change In the case of Sony it is evident that Sir Howard adopted the Reconstruction type of strategic change. In this type of a change the paradigm does not fundamentally change but there will be majo

Leasership and Social Organization in Europe Essay

In Europe, most of the area used one main social structure. This is represented in my first pyramid. As you can see the kings are the most powerful, next come the nobles, then the knights, and finally the peasants. The box that has the word â€Å"church† in it to the side means that they had as much power as the kings and nobles. This society was based on the feudal system. It was mainly constructed for one reason, which was security. It was possible for everyone to move higher up the ranks of the pyramid. This is what most people aspired to do. England had a different social structure than this. It was made up of nobility at the top, next came the knights, then the largest class of population, the villanis, and finally the lowest class, the bordars. The two social structures were alike because they both had to do with the process of giving and keeping pieces of land to workers. The nobility played a big role in both social structures too. In the late middle ages, they wanted to centralize power so they expanded royal domain, set up systems of royal justice, organized government bureaucracies, built standing armies, and developed tax systems. This was very beneficial to Europe. These particular systems were probably in place because they were simple and easy to follow. In my opinion, I think that these social structures did work for Europe and England. I don’t think it could have been changed any better because it was already very organized and clear. Without these social structures, medieval Europe would not have been the same. Biography Social Structure in Medieval Europe. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . The Feudal Structure of the Medieval World. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"Feudalism Pyramid.† Middle Ages. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . Medieval English Society. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor., Anthony Esler, and Burton F. Beers. Prentice Hall World History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.

“Friendship. Does It Exist Nowadays?”

Every person has a devoted friend and their relations are called friendship. Could you give the definition of the word friendship? Friendship means relations between people who help each other, have common interests and hobbies, and share the same opinions. So, it’s great! The title of today’s special lesson called friendship. What words can you bring out as associations with a good friend and with a bad friend? (at the blackboard). Support Appreciate Betray Envy Feel jealous Ignore Honest Quarrel Defend – Children, do you know any proverbs about friends? One man – no man; One for all, all for one.A man is known by his friends. -I see, children, you know a lot! Good for you! -And I have some new proverbs for you. Look and match them! (at the blackboard).- And now I’ll give you a card with a question, you should address this question to any person.Do you have many friends?What is friendship for you?What is special about your friends?What is your friend like?Why do we like our friends?What shows that you are friends?Does your friend support you?Do you appreciate your friend’s advice?Does your friend envy your success?Do you have a friend in your class?Is your friend a kind person?Is your friend talkative?Is your friend honest?Do you like spending time with your friend? How?4. Thank you, children. And now – a special task for you. You see on your papers an extract from Oscar Wilde’s story. Could you translate the title? Let’s listen to the story and say who was the devoted friend. Oscar Wilde. The Devoted Friend. Once upon a time there was a young man whose name was Hans. He lived alone in little house. He had a lovely garden where he worked every day. His garden was the best in the village and there were a lot of beautiful flowers in it. Releted essay –  An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsLittle Hans had a devoted friend, big Hugh the Miller. Indeed, the rich Miller was so devoted to little Hans, that he always picked some flowers or took some fruit when he was passing Han’s garden. â€Å"Real friends must have everything in common,† the Miller used to say, and Hans smiled and felt very proud that a friend with such noble ideas. Sometimes the neighbours were surprised that the rich Miller never gave little Hans anything, but Hans never thought about these things. He worked and worked in his garden. In spring, summer and autumn he was very happy.But in winter he had no flowers or fruit to sell at the market, and he was often very hungry and cold. He was also very lonely, because the Miller never came to visit him in winter. â€Å"There is no good in my going to see little Hans in winter,† the Miller used to say his Wife, â€Å"Because when people are in trouble, you must leave them alo ne. That is my idea about friendship, and I am sure I am right. So I shall wait till spring comes, and then I shall go to see him, and he will give me a large basket of flowers, and that will make him happy. † The Miller’s Wife sat in her comfortable arm-chair near the fire. It is very pleasant,† she said. â€Å"to hear how you talk about friendship. † â€Å"But can’t we invite little Hans to our house? † said the Miller’s son. â€Å"If poor Hans is in trouble, I will give him half my supper and show him my white rabbits. † â€Å"What a silly boy you are! † cried the Miller.â€Å"If Hans comes here and sees our warm fire and our good supper, he may get envious, and envy is a terrible thing. Besides, maybe he will ask me to give him some flour, and I cannot do that! Flour is one thing and friendship is another. † â€Å"How well you talk,† said the Miller’s Wife. So, who was the devoted friend in this st ory and why? 5. Say what sentences are true or false. |   |True |False | |1. Little Hans lived in his little house without family. |   |   | |2. The rich Miller was so devoted to little Hans, that he always brought him some flowers or some fruit when he was passing. |   |   | |3. The Miller used to say that felt very proud to have a friend with such noble ideas.    |   | |4. â€Å"There is good in my going to see little Hans in winter,† the Miller used to say his Wife. |   |   | |5. Miller’s son suggested inviting poor Hans to their house. |   |   | |6. Miller didn’t want to make Hans feel bad. |   |   | |7. Hans would be glad to see his friend whenever he came. |   |   | 6. Some people say that there is difference between girls’ friendship and boys’ friendship. Now you’ll read the talk between two teenagers. Try to find out that difference.Tom: Is there any difference between girls’ friendship and boysâ €™ friendship? Mary: Yeah, definitely. I mean, it’s much more important for girls having close friends, we can tell each other everything, you know, our secrets and our feelings. We depend on each other much more. If I am upset, I know, I can get support from my best friend. Well, not, actually, from my best friend, but two or three other good friends, as well. Boys are not just like that. They always talk about things: sports, films, technology, whatever, never their feelings. Tom: OK, that’s true most of the times.But we can be very good, very close friends. I know some of my friends would lend me money or support me in a difficult situation. Mary: Boys don’t stick with their old friends. They are always getting new ones. My two best friends are from primary school, so I’ve known them for 15 years. Haven’t you got a friend from primary school? Tom: Well, no. The thing is they have changed, I’ve changed. I don’t think, it’ s a good thing to keep the same friends forever. I just mean, it’s boring. -So, children, is there any difference between girls’ friendship and boys’ friendship? And now let’s speak about an ideal friend. Make a small message on theme â€Å"An Ideal Friend†. Work in groups of 4. Pay attention to the following aspects: -Character -His or her attention to you 8. In conclusion I want to say that not everybody has a real friend. But if we have such a friend it makes our life happier and more interesting. It’s dear to us and we should care for friendship. Especially nowadays it’s necessary, perhaps more than ever to have a devoted friend. Let’s be patient and love each other. â€Å"Real friendship cannot be bought at a fair†.

Synthesis Reaction Description Plus Examples

While there are many types of chemical reactions, they all fall into at least one of four broad categories: synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, single displacement reactions, and double displacement reactions. A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. The reactants may be elements or compounds, while the product is always a compound. General Form of Synthesis Reactions The general form of a synthesis reaction is: A B → AB Examples of Synthesis Reactions Here are some examples of synthesis reactions: Water:2 H2(g) O2(g) → 2 H2O(g)Carbon dioxide:2 CO(g) O2(g) → 2CO2(g)Ammonia:3 H2(g) N2(g) → 2 NH3(g)Aluminum oxide:4 Al(s) 3 O2(g) → 2 Al2O3(s)Iron sulfide:8 Fe S8 → 8 FeSPotassium chloride:2 K(s) Cl2(g) → 2 KCl(s) Recognizing Synthesis Reactions The hallmark of a synthesis reaction is that a more complex product is formed from the reactants. One easy-to-recognize type of synthesis reaction occurs when two or more elements combine to form a compound. The other type of synthesis reaction happens when an element and a compound combine to form a new compound. Basically, to identify this reaction, look for a product that contains all the reactant atoms. Be sure to count the number of atoms in both the reactants and the products. Sometimes when a chemical equation is written, extra information is given that might make it hard to recognize what is going on in a reaction. Counting numbers and types of atoms makes it easier to identify reaction types.